Property- and structure-guided discovery of a tetrahydroindazole series of interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase inhibitors

J Med Chem. 2014 Jul 10;57(13):5714-27. doi: 10.1021/jm500550e. Epub 2014 Jun 27.

Abstract

Interleukin-2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays a major role in T-cell signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR), and considerable efforts have been directed toward discovery of ITK-selective inhibitors as potential treatments of inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Using a previously disclosed indazole series of inhibitors as a starting point, and using X-ray crystallography and solubility forecast index (SFI) as guides, we evolved a series of tetrahydroindazole inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity, and pharmaceutical properties. Highlights include identification of a selectivity pocket above the ligand plane, and identification of appropriate lipophilic substituents to occupy this space. This effort culminated in identification of a potent and selective ITK inhibitor (GNE-9822) with good ADME properties in preclinical species.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Dogs
  • Drug Design
  • Humans
  • Indazoles / chemical synthesis*
  • Indazoles / pharmacokinetics
  • Indazoles / pharmacology
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Kinetics
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Rats
  • Solubility
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Indazoles
  • N-(1-(3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • emt protein-tyrosine kinase